Patients' experience of a heart rate variability feedback intervention during spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND

This study examined the implementation of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-F) as a non-invasive, self-regulatory rehabilitation technique for individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI). It aimed to understand participants' experiences in receiving and practicing HRV-F activities and identify facilitators and barriers to implementing HRV-F into usual care.

METHOD: A mixed-methods design (interviews, questionnaire surveys) was embedded within a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Facilitators and barriers were identified using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR v2), and mental health and quality-of-life instruments assessed well-being.

RESULTS

Participants valued HRV-F's adaptability, non-pharmacological nature, and the potential to reduce pain and stress. Key facilitators included ease of use, professional support, and motivation to improve health. Barriers included technical issues with equipment, time constraints, and environmental challenges to practicing HRV-F at home. There was no change in mental health or quality of life from baseline to 12 months, although participants reported perceived improvements in relaxation, pain reduction, and confidence.

CONCLUSION

HRV-F was viewed positively by participants and shows promise for SCI rehabilitation. User-centered design, early integration into care, and ongoing support are essential for successful implementation.