Parenteral nutritional support in the small animal patient.

Malnutrition has a direct relationship to complications associated with ineffective wound and fracture healing, inadequate immune responses, decreased tolerance to cancer therapy, muscle weakness, and certain organ dysfunctions (heart and liver). Malnutrition combined with disease, injury, or stress increases the metabolic rate in patients above that of resting. These patients are undergoing an accelerated form of starvation, which is more common than presently recognized in veterinary medicine and may be responsible for the less than optimal responses to proper therapies. Diseased or injured patients unable to digest or absorb nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract require additional medical support in the form of parenteral nutrition. Advances in parenteral solutions, products, and delivery systems make parenteral nutritional support possible in veterinary medicine, although not possible in all small animal practices. Proper patient selection, well-informed clients, dedicated technicians, and knowledgeable veterinarians are all essential in the successful implementation of parenteral nutritional support.