Impact of typhoons on anthropogenic nitrogen sources in Lake Sihwa, South Korea.

This study investigated the nitrate dual isotopic compositions (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) of water samples to trace nitrate sources in Lake Sihwa, which encompasses various land-use types (e.g., urban, industry, wetland, and agriculture). The biogeochemical interactions of anthropogenic nitrogen sources (e.g., soil, road dust, and septic water) were also evaluated through multiple pathways from terrestrial boundaries to the water column. Based on increased concentrations of dissolved total nitrogen (DTN; 3.1 ± 1.6 mg/L) after typhoon, the variation of element stoichiometry (N:P:Si) in this system shifted to the relatively N-rich conditions (DIN/DIP; 14.1 ± 8.1, DIN/DSi; 1.4 ± 1.8), potentially triggering the occurrence of harmful algal blooms. Furthermore, discriminative isotopic compositions (δ15NNO3; 4.0 ± 2.1 ‰, δ18ONO3; 6.1 ± 4.3 ‰) after the typhoon suggested the increased DTN input of anthropogenic origins within Lake Sihwa would be mainly transported from urban sources (76 ± 9 %). Consequently, the isotopic-based approach may be useful for effective water quality management under increased anthropogenic activities near aquatic systems.