Non-pharmacological therapies and their efficacy in atopic dermatitis: A narrative review.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex immune-mediated disease characterised by recurrent eczematous lesions and pruritus, which adversely affects the quality of life (QoL). Genetic factors, environmental factors, immune dysregulation, and skin barrier dysfunction contribute to its pathophysiology. Non-pharmacological management strategies aim to preserve the skin barrier, address immune dysregulation, and minimise triggers. In this review, wediscuss various non-pharmacological interventions, including allergen (aeroallergens, food allergens, and contact allergens) avoidance, bathing-related measures, moisturisers, clothing choices, therapies targeting the skin microbiome, and allergen-specific immunotherapy, in addition to education and psychotherapy. Non-pharmacological therapies are essential for the holistic management of AD, but their effectiveness varies, highlighting the need for further research and tailored approaches to individual patient needs.