Bioelectronic neuro-immunology: Neuronal networks for sympathetic-splenic and vagal-adrenal control.

Neuronal stimulation is an emerging field in modern medicine to control immune and organ function. New techniques of stimulation and neuronal biomarkers are providing critical information about the clinical potential of these mechanisms and the functional organization of the nervous system. This article discusses the fundamental somatotopic signals controlling immunity and the two autonomic networks controlling inflammation: the sympathetic-splenic and vagal-adrenal control.