RGB-Image-Based Real-Time Hemodynamic Monitoring of Intraperitoneal Organs in Rats Using a Standard Laparoscopic Imaging System.

The aim of this study is to validate an approach to monitor the spatial and temporal hemodynamics of intraperitoneal organs using a commercially available laparoscopic system. The approach to create a spatial map of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and total hemoglobin concentration (C HbT) is based on a multiple regression model using Monte Carlo simulation of light transport in tissues to specify relationships between RGB values, oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration. Experiments with an optical phantom are performed to confirm the ability of the approach to detect changes in StO2 and C HbT under different working distances of the endoscope that may occur during actual surgery. In vivo experiments in rats confirm that the proposed approach can quantitatively monitor changes in StO2 and C HbT induced in the small intestine, liver, and cecum. The proposed approach has the potential as a tool for monitoring intraperitoneal organs in real time during laparoscopy.