Role of positron emission tomography imaging in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndromes.

The aim of this review was to summarize the recent developments on the role of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using different radiopharmaceuticals in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes. Although most guidelines do not mention the use of PET imaging in patients with MEN syndromes, recent data seem to suggest a relevant diagnostic role of PET imaging in this setting. In particular, latest evidence has shown that somatostatin receptor PET provides a diagnostic accuracy in detecting MEN syndromes-related neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) higher than that of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, thus influencing patient management in a significant percentage of cases. 18 F-DOPA PET seems to have a potential role in detecting MEN-2-related NETs, whereas 18 F-FDG PET is potentially useful in identifying aggressive NETs with poorer outcomes. More studies are needed to better define the role of different radiotracer-based PET imaging in patients with MEN syndromes.