Incidence rates of placental acute inflammation and malperfusion and differences by neonatal sex in a population-based cohort of births at term gestation with universal placental collection: EPOD, 2010-2016.

This retrospective study capitalized on a mandated universal placental examination in New York City which provided detailed placental examinations for a diverse population from January 2010-March 2015. We report overall incidence rates and sex differences for maternal acute inflammation (MAI), fetal acute inflammation (FAI), and maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion (MVM, FVM). Incidence rates for MAI and MVM were higher among males; the incidence rate for FVM was significantly higher in females. Prior reports have been biased by relying on the subset of placentas that were referred to pathology for clinical indications, rather than the cohort of all delivered placentas.