Effect of periodontal treatment on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans colonization and serum IgG levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and Omp29 of aggressive periodontitis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the periodontal treatment on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clone, and the IgG serum levels against its outer membrane protein (Omp29) and A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in aggressive periodontitis (AgP).

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with generalized (GAgP), 10 with localized (LAgP), and 10 healthy controls were included. AgP participants were submitted to periodontal treatment-scaling and root planing plus antibiotics (SRP+A). Periodontal parameters, for example, probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were evaluated at baseline and at 1-year. Serum IgG against Omp29 and serotypes a, b, and c were determined by ELISA. The levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clone were determined in subgingival biofilm samples by qPCR.

RESULTS: Periodontal treatment resulted in significant reductions of PD, CAL, and IgG levels against Omp29, serotypes b, and c. After therapy, IgG levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes, as well as the levels of the JP2 clone in AgP, became similar to controls. The reduction in JP2 clone count was correlated with a reduction of PD and IgG response against Omp29.

CONCLUSION: Scaling and root planing plus antibiotics decreased IgG levels response against Omp29 and A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes involved in the disease (b and c), while the serum response increased against tne commensal serotype (a), similar to what occurs in periodontally healthy individuals.