Journal of endourology · 2023
Electromotive Drug Administration in the Ureter in an In Vivo Animal Model: Initial Report.
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Sharifi Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Ali Sohrab Naushad, Wu Yi Xi, Tano Zachary E, Lavasani Seyed Amiryaghoub M, Nourbakhsh Mahra, Jiang Pengbo, Patel Roshan M, Landman Jaime, Clayman Ralph V
Аннотация
Introduction: Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) delivers a drug deeply into targeted tissues, such as the bladder. EMDA has never been applied to the ureter. Methods: In four in vivo porcine ureters, a unique EMDA catheter containing a silver conducting wire was advanced for the infusion of methylene blue. In two ureters, a pulsed current was delivered through an EMDA machine, whereas the other two ureters served as a control. After 20 minutes of infusion, the ureters were harvested. Results: In the EMDA ureter, there was diffuse staining of the urothelium; penetration of methylene blue occurred in the lamina propria and muscularis propria. In the control ureter, there was only patchy staining of the urothelium. Conclusion: In this first report of ureteral EMDA, a charged molecule penetrated beyond the urothelium into the lamina propria and muscularis propria of the porcine ureter.