Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Preliminary Validation of Upper Limb Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (ULL-27) in Italian Female Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema.

Purpose: Lymphedema is one of the most recurrent problems reported by breast cancer survivors, which negatively affects quality of life (QoL). The Upper Limb Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (ULL-27) is a tool that assesses the QoL in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema. At present, an Italian adaptation does not exist. The aim of this study is to perform a preliminary cross-cultural validation of the Italian version of the ULL-27. Materials and

Methods

A forward-backward translation and cross-cultural adaptation have been performed. One hundred twenty women with lymphedema were evaluated using the Italian version of the ULL-27. The mean age was 60.25 (±11.88) years, and mean body-mass index was 26.35 (5.13) kg/m2. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) was analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis with the ULL-27 to indicate convergent and external construct validity. Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis were used to assess the questionnaire's structure.

Results

The internal consistency for the total score of the Italian ULL-27 was high (0.90). Content validity was good because items were understandable for all participants. The alpha coefficients for subscale scores were high. External construct validity was confirmed by expected correlations with comparator scales. However, the factor structure of ULL-27 does not seem to completely reflect the original scale.

Conclusions

The Italian version of ULL-27 has good internal consistency and validity. It is a reliable tool for evaluating the QoL of these patients, but additional data should be collected to clarify the factorial structure and test-retest reliability of the scale.