Cancer science · 2026
Early-Onset Digestive System Cancers: Risk Factors and Clinicopathological and Molecular Features Across Organ Sites.
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Nakazawa Nobuhiro, Ugai Satoko, Kondo Atsushi, Matsuda Kosuke, Kato Shu, Usui Genki, Tanaka Shiori, Lee Hwa-Young, Zhang Xinyuan, Miyagawa Hideo, Lau Mai Chan, Saeki Hiroshi, Kanemitsu Yukihide, Chan Andrew T, Ogino Shuji, Song Minkyo, Väyrynen Juha P, Ugai Tomotaka
Аннотация
The incidence of early-onset cancers, commonly defined as cancers diagnosed before age 50 years, has been increasing globally over recent decades. In particular, the incidence of several early-onset digestive system cancers, including cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colorectum, liver, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, and pancreas, has been reported to be increasing in multiple regions. To elucidate carcinogenic mechanisms and develop effective prevention, earlier detection, and treatment strategies, further evidence is needed on risk factors and clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on these characteristics, highlight shared and distinct features across organ sites, and discuss research opportunities to address the rising burden of early-onset digestive system cancers.