Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in the United States: Population Prevalence, Diagnosis Rates, and Trends.
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Dillon Charles F, Weisman Michael H, Leung Angela M, Brent Gregory A, Miller Frederick W
Аннотация
CONTEXT: Considerable literature regarding autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been published, but population-based prevalence estimates for US AITD are lacking.
OBJECTIVE: To define the US population burden of AITD, its prevalence, the relative proportions of diagnosed and undiagnosed cases, and trends over time.
METHODS: Nationally representative population-based data from the cross-sectional US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. The most recent NHANES thyroid data for the survey years 1988-1994 (n = 15 313) and the 2007-2012 (n = 8775) were analyzed to estimate adult AITD prevalence stratified by diagnostic status, age, and sex. Prevalence trends over time and the number of affected adults were also estimated.
RESULTS: US AITD population prevalences were 5.2% in 1988-1994 and 5.3% in 2007-2012. In 1988-1994 AITD had only a 37% diagnosis rate, whereas the rate was 57% in 2007-2012. There was a 2-fold higher prevalence of AITD in women compared to men: 6.8% vs 3.2% in 1988-1994 and 7.7% vs 2.7% in the 2007-2012 survey data. Over time, women's diagnosis rates increased from 41% to 64%; however, men's rates remained low (29% to 36%) as did rates in younger adults ages 20 to 39 years (39% to 36%).
CONCLUSION: In the most recent data, an estimated 11.6 million US adults have AITD, 8.8 million women and 2.8 million men. AITD prevalence rates were stable over time; however, the US burden of undiagnosed cases remains substantial. One third of women and 64% of men and younger adults remained undiagnosed, an estimated 2.5 million women, 1.6 million men, and 1.3 million younger adults.
OBJECTIVE: To define the US population burden of AITD, its prevalence, the relative proportions of diagnosed and undiagnosed cases, and trends over time.
METHODS: Nationally representative population-based data from the cross-sectional US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. The most recent NHANES thyroid data for the survey years 1988-1994 (n = 15 313) and the 2007-2012 (n = 8775) were analyzed to estimate adult AITD prevalence stratified by diagnostic status, age, and sex. Prevalence trends over time and the number of affected adults were also estimated.
RESULTS: US AITD population prevalences were 5.2% in 1988-1994 and 5.3% in 2007-2012. In 1988-1994 AITD had only a 37% diagnosis rate, whereas the rate was 57% in 2007-2012. There was a 2-fold higher prevalence of AITD in women compared to men: 6.8% vs 3.2% in 1988-1994 and 7.7% vs 2.7% in the 2007-2012 survey data. Over time, women's diagnosis rates increased from 41% to 64%; however, men's rates remained low (29% to 36%) as did rates in younger adults ages 20 to 39 years (39% to 36%).
CONCLUSION: In the most recent data, an estimated 11.6 million US adults have AITD, 8.8 million women and 2.8 million men. AITD prevalence rates were stable over time; however, the US burden of undiagnosed cases remains substantial. One third of women and 64% of men and younger adults remained undiagnosed, an estimated 2.5 million women, 1.6 million men, and 1.3 million younger adults.