Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025
Anatomical variants of nasal cavities and nasal septum in Nepalese patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center.
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Dahal Prajwal, Poudel Sagar, Pradhan Prajina, Ghimire Samjhana, Parajuli Sabina, Dhakal Natasha
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Variants of nasal septum and structures of nasal cavity are key in nasal surgeries, with some linked to certain pathologies. This study aims to determine their prevalence in the Nepali population at our hospital.
METHOD: A retrospective, cross section study was conducted at a private hospital in Nepal with 342 adults (aged >13). Two radiologists assessed CT scans for variants of nasal septum, nasal septum deviation angles, and variants of the nasal turbinates and pneumatized uncinate process. Nasal septum deviations were graded from I to IV, and gender-specific prevalences and mean nasal septal deviation (NSD) angle were calculated. Statistical significance was tested using chi-squared test, t-tests, and ANOVA.
RESULTS: The prevalences were: nasal septum deviation (76.68%), septal spur (41.98%), septal pneumatization (40.23%), hypertrophied inferior turbinate (38.48%), lamellar concha (34.11%), concha bullosa (CB) (19.83%), supreme turbinate (9.33%), paradoxical middle turbinates (9.33%) and pneumatized uncinate process (8.45%). Nasal septum deviation was right-sided in 34.11%, left-sided in 34.40%, and S-shaped in 8.16%. The prevalences of nasal septum types were: type I (30.9%), type II (48.1%), type III (16.91%), and type IV (4.08%). The mean septal deviation angle was 6.77° (SD 4.52°).The mean septal deviation in deviated septum was 8.64° (SD 3.2°) Significant association were found between deviated septum and septal spur, CB, hypertrophied inferior turbinate, and paradoxical middle turbinate (P < 0.001, 0.012, 0.001, 0.016), as well as between variants of NSD and sides of CB, hypertrophied inferior turbinate, and septal spur (P = 0.006, <0.001, <0.001). The prevalence of CB was significantly high in female (P = 0.001). There was significant association of types of nasal septum with CB (P = 0.003). There was significant difference in deviation angle between variants of deviated nasal septum (P = 0.048), notably between septum deviated to left side and "S"-shaped nasal septum (P = 0.024).
CONCLUSION: Recognizing variants of nasal septum and nasal cavities is crucial to prevent surgical complications.
METHOD: A retrospective, cross section study was conducted at a private hospital in Nepal with 342 adults (aged >13). Two radiologists assessed CT scans for variants of nasal septum, nasal septum deviation angles, and variants of the nasal turbinates and pneumatized uncinate process. Nasal septum deviations were graded from I to IV, and gender-specific prevalences and mean nasal septal deviation (NSD) angle were calculated. Statistical significance was tested using chi-squared test, t-tests, and ANOVA.
RESULTS: The prevalences were: nasal septum deviation (76.68%), septal spur (41.98%), septal pneumatization (40.23%), hypertrophied inferior turbinate (38.48%), lamellar concha (34.11%), concha bullosa (CB) (19.83%), supreme turbinate (9.33%), paradoxical middle turbinates (9.33%) and pneumatized uncinate process (8.45%). Nasal septum deviation was right-sided in 34.11%, left-sided in 34.40%, and S-shaped in 8.16%. The prevalences of nasal septum types were: type I (30.9%), type II (48.1%), type III (16.91%), and type IV (4.08%). The mean septal deviation angle was 6.77° (SD 4.52°).The mean septal deviation in deviated septum was 8.64° (SD 3.2°) Significant association were found between deviated septum and septal spur, CB, hypertrophied inferior turbinate, and paradoxical middle turbinate (P < 0.001, 0.012, 0.001, 0.016), as well as between variants of NSD and sides of CB, hypertrophied inferior turbinate, and septal spur (P = 0.006, <0.001, <0.001). The prevalence of CB was significantly high in female (P = 0.001). There was significant association of types of nasal septum with CB (P = 0.003). There was significant difference in deviation angle between variants of deviated nasal septum (P = 0.048), notably between septum deviated to left side and "S"-shaped nasal septum (P = 0.024).
CONCLUSION: Recognizing variants of nasal septum and nasal cavities is crucial to prevent surgical complications.