Journal of psychosomatic research · 2022
The relationship between vitamin D levels in seasonal variations and Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naive depression.
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Yao Lihua, Zhang Nan, Ma Simeng, Xie Xin-Hui, Xu Shuxian, Xiang Dan, Kang Lijun, Chen Mian-Mian, Wang Peilin, Liu Zhongchun
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with various diseases, including depression. Previous studies on vitamin D and depression have different conclusions.
OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to examine the association between vitamin D levels in seasonal variation and depression.
METHODS: A total of 324 patients with first-episode depression aged 18-50 years were recruited for our study. Vitamin D levels were recorded, and PHQ-9 scale evaluation was performed in different seasons. Seasonal variations in vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms were examined.
RESULTS: The cohort comprised 77 males and 247 females. 98.1% of patients had insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels. The median vitamin D level was 12 ng/mL; 14.5 ng/mL in summer and 13 ng/mL in autumn, which was significantly higher than 9 ng/mL in spring, and the correlation between vitamin D level and PHQ-9 score was more significant in spring but not in summer and autumn.
LIMITATIONS: Our study used cross-sectional data and could not examine the causal relationship of the vitamin D level and depressive symptoms. There are also some possible influencing factors, such as the dietary habits, outdoor sports, and the use of sunscreen were not investigated.
CONCLUSION: Observational data showed that the vitamin D level of depression is lower than the normal (30 ng/mL), and it is closely related to depressive symptoms in spring. The seasonal variations in vitamin D levels might play a critical role in Chinese patients with first-episode depression.
OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to examine the association between vitamin D levels in seasonal variation and depression.
METHODS: A total of 324 patients with first-episode depression aged 18-50 years were recruited for our study. Vitamin D levels were recorded, and PHQ-9 scale evaluation was performed in different seasons. Seasonal variations in vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms were examined.
RESULTS: The cohort comprised 77 males and 247 females. 98.1% of patients had insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels. The median vitamin D level was 12 ng/mL; 14.5 ng/mL in summer and 13 ng/mL in autumn, which was significantly higher than 9 ng/mL in spring, and the correlation between vitamin D level and PHQ-9 score was more significant in spring but not in summer and autumn.
LIMITATIONS: Our study used cross-sectional data and could not examine the causal relationship of the vitamin D level and depressive symptoms. There are also some possible influencing factors, such as the dietary habits, outdoor sports, and the use of sunscreen were not investigated.
CONCLUSION: Observational data showed that the vitamin D level of depression is lower than the normal (30 ng/mL), and it is closely related to depressive symptoms in spring. The seasonal variations in vitamin D levels might play a critical role in Chinese patients with first-episode depression.