Neuroepidemiology · 2025
Global, Regional, and National Disparities in the Burden of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 1990-2021.
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Hu Meiling, Wang Tongyun, Song Jing, Liu Ningrui, Zeng Yuhong, Hu Danqing, Guo Yang, Chang Jie, Lin Zhennan
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Driven by population ageing, the burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADOD) continues to rise. A comprehensive assessment of the ADOD burden at global, regional, and national levels is critical for public health.
METHODS: Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we assessed the ADOD burden. Temporal trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression; inequalities among countries were evaluated via Lorenz curves; and future trends were projected employing an age-period-cohort model.
RESULTS: In 2021, the age-standardised rates for ADOD were 694.01 (95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]: 602.88 to 794.08) for prevalence, 119.76 (95% UI: 104.96 to 135.89) for incidence, and 481.70 (95% UI: 228.79 to 1,023.96) for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Females exhibited a higher ADOD burden than males across all age groups, with an age-standardised prevalence rate of 769.94 (95% UI: 670.71 to 877.57) in females compared to 589.47 (95% UI: 507.48 to 678.79) in males. The slope inequality index of crude DALY rate increased from 315.23 (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 310.43 to 437.87) in 1990 to 758.29 (95% CI: 692.48 to 908.29) in 2021 at the country level. The Lorenz curves for the crude DALY rate of ADOD in 1990 and 2021 lay below the equality line, indicating a higher burden among countries and territories with a higher socio-demographic index (SDI) ranking. By 2046, global prevalence is projected to reach 124.89 million, a 119.67% increase from 2021.
CONCLUSION: The ADOD burden has increased globally, with significant regional disparities. Urgent action is required to prevent ADOD, especially among females and in high-SDI regions.
METHODS: Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we assessed the ADOD burden. Temporal trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression; inequalities among countries were evaluated via Lorenz curves; and future trends were projected employing an age-period-cohort model.
RESULTS: In 2021, the age-standardised rates for ADOD were 694.01 (95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]: 602.88 to 794.08) for prevalence, 119.76 (95% UI: 104.96 to 135.89) for incidence, and 481.70 (95% UI: 228.79 to 1,023.96) for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Females exhibited a higher ADOD burden than males across all age groups, with an age-standardised prevalence rate of 769.94 (95% UI: 670.71 to 877.57) in females compared to 589.47 (95% UI: 507.48 to 678.79) in males. The slope inequality index of crude DALY rate increased from 315.23 (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 310.43 to 437.87) in 1990 to 758.29 (95% CI: 692.48 to 908.29) in 2021 at the country level. The Lorenz curves for the crude DALY rate of ADOD in 1990 and 2021 lay below the equality line, indicating a higher burden among countries and territories with a higher socio-demographic index (SDI) ranking. By 2046, global prevalence is projected to reach 124.89 million, a 119.67% increase from 2021.
CONCLUSION: The ADOD burden has increased globally, with significant regional disparities. Urgent action is required to prevent ADOD, especially among females and in high-SDI regions.