Journal of oral microbiology · 2025
Candida albicans impacts carbohydrate metabolism of Enterococcus faecalis in interkingdom biofilms.
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de Mello Fiallos Nicole, Zanin Dos Santos Iriana J, Brunson Debra N, Kajfasz Jessica K, Zeng Lin, de Aguiar Cordeiro Rossana, Lemos José A, Abranches Jacqueline
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the transcriptional and physiological responses of Enterococcus faecalis, an opportunistic pathogen linked to endodontic infections, when cultivated in dual-species biofilms with Candida albicans, a yeast pathobiont found in the oral cavity.
METHODS: Forty-eight-hour E. faecalis OG1RF biofilms were developed in BHI medium as mono- or dual-species with C. albicans SC5314. Biofilms were assessed for biomass, colony-forming units (CFUs), and architecture using confocal microscopy. RNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina platform. Mannose-PTS activity and glycerol quantification assays were conducted to investigate changes in carbohydrate metabolism.
RESULTS: Transcriptomic analysis revealed 149 E. faecalis genes differentially expressed in dual-species biofilms. Genes linked to mannose-PTS and glycerol metabolism were notably upregulated. Mannose-PTS activity was significantly higher in dual-species biofilms. Mannose, as the sole carbohydrate source, increased E. faecalis CFUs and decreased C. albicans CFUs in co-culture, while glucose had no effect. As C. albicans is a glycerol net producer, glycerol levels were always higher when C. albicans was present, likely contributing to the upregulation of glycerol metabolism genes in E. faecalis when in co-cultures.
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of C. albicans alters E. faecalis gene expression and metabolism, suggesting metabolic crosstalk that may influence their pathogenicity and role in oral infections.
METHODS: Forty-eight-hour E. faecalis OG1RF biofilms were developed in BHI medium as mono- or dual-species with C. albicans SC5314. Biofilms were assessed for biomass, colony-forming units (CFUs), and architecture using confocal microscopy. RNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina platform. Mannose-PTS activity and glycerol quantification assays were conducted to investigate changes in carbohydrate metabolism.
RESULTS: Transcriptomic analysis revealed 149 E. faecalis genes differentially expressed in dual-species biofilms. Genes linked to mannose-PTS and glycerol metabolism were notably upregulated. Mannose-PTS activity was significantly higher in dual-species biofilms. Mannose, as the sole carbohydrate source, increased E. faecalis CFUs and decreased C. albicans CFUs in co-culture, while glucose had no effect. As C. albicans is a glycerol net producer, glycerol levels were always higher when C. albicans was present, likely contributing to the upregulation of glycerol metabolism genes in E. faecalis when in co-cultures.
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of C. albicans alters E. faecalis gene expression and metabolism, suggesting metabolic crosstalk that may influence their pathogenicity and role in oral infections.