Pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinitis and Chronic Sinusitis With and Without Nasal Polyposis.

This article covers the pathophysiology of chronic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), focusing on both phenotypic and endotypic distinctions. It highlights how genetic and environmental factors contribute to disease development, emphasizing the roles of epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbiome disruption. The article categorizes CRS into forms with and without nasal polyps, each involving unique immune responses and inflammation types. Specific endotypes are also discussed, highlighting the complexity and heterogeneity of these conditions.