Years of life lost due to premature deaths associated with air pollution: an ecological time-series study.

BACKGROUND

Exposure to air pollutants is associated with hospital admissions due to cardiovascular diseases and premature deaths.

OBJECTIVE

To estimate years of life lost (YLL) due to premature deaths and their financial costs.

DESIGN AND

SETTING

Ecological time-series study carried out in São José dos Campos, Brazil, in 2016.

METHODS

Data on deaths among residents of this city in 2016 were assessed to estimate the financial cost of premature deaths associated with air pollution. The diagnoses studied were ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure and cerebrovascular disease, according to YLL. The fractions attributable to deaths associated with air pollutant exposure and to each potential year of life lost were calculated using negative binomial regression with lags of 0-7 days between exposure and outcome. Nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM10) and ozone concentrations were included in the model and adjusted for temperature, humidity and seasonality.

RESULTS

Exposure to particulate matter was significant at lag 3 days. There were 2177 hospitalizations over the study period, with 201 deaths (9.2%). Premature deaths led to 2035.69 years of life lost. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 concentrations was correlated with 8.0% of the hospitalizations, which corresponded to 152.67 YLL (81.67 for males and 71.00 for females). The cost generated was approximately US$ 9.1 million in 2016.

CONCLUSION

In this first study conducted in a medium-sized Brazilian city, using the YLL methodology, we identified an excess expense attributable to air pollution.