Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Toxoplasma-Neuron Interactions In Situ.

How tissue and cellular architecture affects host cell-microbe interactions in vivo remains poorly defined because imaging these interactions in complex tissue is difficult and standard in vitro cultures do not mimic whole organ architecture. Here we describe a method that combines new tissue clearing techniques, high-resolution imaging, and three-dimensional reconstruction to overcome these barriers and allow in situ imaging of host cell-microbe interactions in complex tissue. We use the interactions between neurons and Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous, protozoan parasite that establish a lifelong central nervous system (CNS) infection in mice and humans, as a model for this technique. This method aims to provide an easy, reproducible way to visualize the complex relationship between host cells and intracellular pathogens within a whole organ.