Analytica chimica acta · 2026
Construction of multi-component covalent organic framework coated stainless steel fiber for efficient microextraction of psychiatric drugs: experiments and clinical applications.
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Zhang Jie, Xiao Jinna, Liao Zhengzheng, Xie Haijiao, Li Zhentao
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Quetiapine (QTP) and clozapine (CLZ) are widely used antipsychotic drugs to treat psychotic symptoms. However, their narrow therapeutic window and the potential risk of severe side effects necessitate close monitoring of blood concentrations. Current therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) methods are still limited by operational complexity, loss of trace components, and potential instrument contamination. This study proposed a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with a multi-component covalent organic framework (COF TAB-DHTA-DMTP), aiming to achieve highly efficient extraction of psychiatric drugs in human plasma.
RESULTS: The COF TAB-DHTA-DMTP, characterized by a large specific surface area and well-defined porosity, was embedded in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to produce a matrix-compatible coating material for SPME, which was subsequently coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of QTP and CLZ. Under the optimal SPME parameters, the developed method exhibited excellent linearity for QTP and CLZ within the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL, ranging from 0.9994 to 0.9996, low limits of detection (LODs) between 0.021 and 0.035 ng/mL, and satisfactory precision, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 5.10 %. The extraction mechanism was elucidated through theoretical simulations and experimental characterizations. Additionally, clinical samples obtained from hospitals were analyzed using the proposed SPME method, and the results were validated against those obtained by conventional laboratory-based method.
SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY: This novel self-fabricated COF-based SPME fiber can effectively extract QTP and CLZ from complex human plasma samples, eliminating interfering substances, mitigating matrix effects, enhancing detection sensitivity, and reducing the risk of instrument contamination. Our research has facilitated the application of SPME technology from laboratory settings to clinical practice, further confirming its applicability in the clinical monitoring of psychiatric drugs.
RESULTS: The COF TAB-DHTA-DMTP, characterized by a large specific surface area and well-defined porosity, was embedded in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to produce a matrix-compatible coating material for SPME, which was subsequently coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of QTP and CLZ. Under the optimal SPME parameters, the developed method exhibited excellent linearity for QTP and CLZ within the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL, ranging from 0.9994 to 0.9996, low limits of detection (LODs) between 0.021 and 0.035 ng/mL, and satisfactory precision, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 5.10 %. The extraction mechanism was elucidated through theoretical simulations and experimental characterizations. Additionally, clinical samples obtained from hospitals were analyzed using the proposed SPME method, and the results were validated against those obtained by conventional laboratory-based method.
SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY: This novel self-fabricated COF-based SPME fiber can effectively extract QTP and CLZ from complex human plasma samples, eliminating interfering substances, mitigating matrix effects, enhancing detection sensitivity, and reducing the risk of instrument contamination. Our research has facilitated the application of SPME technology from laboratory settings to clinical practice, further confirming its applicability in the clinical monitoring of psychiatric drugs.