Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026
Non-Subtractive Arterial Spin Labeling-Based (NSASL) Renal Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): Development and Clinical Feasibility Evaluation.
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Wang Yulin, Yuan Ye, Yan Kun, Zhang Jichang, Zeng Jie, Niu Shengyang, Ke Shiying, Yao Chendie, Chen Bin, Dai Qi, Guo Liping, Zheng Jianjun, Meersmann Thomas, Wang Chengbo
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Non-contrast renal MR angiography (MRA) is valuable for patients who cannot receive contrast agents or when avoiding radiation is desired. However, the conventional inflow inversion recovery (IFIR) method is limited by incomplete background suppression, venous contamination, and motion sensitivity.
PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a non-subtractive arterial spin labeling-based (NSASL) sequence for renal MRA and compare it with IFIR in healthy volunteers, with exploratory feasibility assessment relative to contrast-enhanced (CE)-MRA or computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients.
STUDY TYPE: Prospective.
SUBJECTS: Thirty healthy volunteers (10 male, 35.6 ± 14.0 years) and six participants with renal diseases or high blood pressure (2 male, 62.7 ± 9.03 years).
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5 T; 3D stack-of-stars balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) NSASL MRA, 3D Cartesian bSSFP IFIR MRA, and CE-MRA.
ASSESSMENT: Three radiologists independently rated image quality (main and branch renal arteries visualization, motion artifacts, vessel-to-background contrast, diagnostic confidence) on a 5-point scale. SNR efficiency (or SNR and time) and contrast ratio (CR) were also measured.
STATISTICAL TESTS: Intraclass coefficient (ICC), Shapiro-Wilk's test, paired Student's t-test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: ICC was good to excellent (ICC = 0.61-0.89) for average subjective scores. Compared with IFIR, NSASL showed significantly better vessel-to-background contrast (approximately fivefold increase in CR, Cohen's |d| = 2.54; +1 subjective score, |r| = 0.88), improved renal arteries visualization (+0.7 points, |r| = 0.67, corrected p ≤ 0.003), fewer motion artifacts (+0.6 points, |r| = 0.67, corrected p = 0.002), and higher diagnostic confidence (+0.6 points, |r| = 0.80, corrected p < 0.001). Acquisition time was reduced from 267.3 ± 69.0 s to 240.2 ± 51.3 s (Cohen's |d| = 0.54, corrected p = 0.018) while SNR efficiency was moderately lower (~26%, Cohen's |d| = 1.99, corrected p = 0.002). In participants with disease, NSASL yielded similar diagnostic confidence to CE-MRA (n = 4, +0.7 points, p = 0.194) and to CTA (n = 2, -0.2 points, p = 0.317).
DATA CONCLUSION: NSASL significantly outperformed IFIR, with improved background suppression, vessel conspicuity, motion tolerance, and scan time in healthy volunteers.
EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2.
TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a non-subtractive arterial spin labeling-based (NSASL) sequence for renal MRA and compare it with IFIR in healthy volunteers, with exploratory feasibility assessment relative to contrast-enhanced (CE)-MRA or computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients.
STUDY TYPE: Prospective.
SUBJECTS: Thirty healthy volunteers (10 male, 35.6 ± 14.0 years) and six participants with renal diseases or high blood pressure (2 male, 62.7 ± 9.03 years).
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5 T; 3D stack-of-stars balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) NSASL MRA, 3D Cartesian bSSFP IFIR MRA, and CE-MRA.
ASSESSMENT: Three radiologists independently rated image quality (main and branch renal arteries visualization, motion artifacts, vessel-to-background contrast, diagnostic confidence) on a 5-point scale. SNR efficiency (or SNR and time) and contrast ratio (CR) were also measured.
STATISTICAL TESTS: Intraclass coefficient (ICC), Shapiro-Wilk's test, paired Student's t-test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: ICC was good to excellent (ICC = 0.61-0.89) for average subjective scores. Compared with IFIR, NSASL showed significantly better vessel-to-background contrast (approximately fivefold increase in CR, Cohen's |d| = 2.54; +1 subjective score, |r| = 0.88), improved renal arteries visualization (+0.7 points, |r| = 0.67, corrected p ≤ 0.003), fewer motion artifacts (+0.6 points, |r| = 0.67, corrected p = 0.002), and higher diagnostic confidence (+0.6 points, |r| = 0.80, corrected p < 0.001). Acquisition time was reduced from 267.3 ± 69.0 s to 240.2 ± 51.3 s (Cohen's |d| = 0.54, corrected p = 0.018) while SNR efficiency was moderately lower (~26%, Cohen's |d| = 1.99, corrected p = 0.002). In participants with disease, NSASL yielded similar diagnostic confidence to CE-MRA (n = 4, +0.7 points, p = 0.194) and to CTA (n = 2, -0.2 points, p = 0.317).
DATA CONCLUSION: NSASL significantly outperformed IFIR, with improved background suppression, vessel conspicuity, motion tolerance, and scan time in healthy volunteers.
EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2.
TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
Предметные рубрики MeSH
HumansMaleMagnetic Resonance AngiographySpin LabelsFeasibility StudiesMiddle AgedAdultRenal ArteryProspective StudiesFemaleKidneyContrast MediaImaging, Three-DimensionalImage Processing, Computer-AssistedAgedComputed Tomography AngiographyHealthy VolunteersArtifactsReproducibility of ResultsKidney Diseases