TSH adenomas.

Thyrotropin (TSH) adenomas are uncommon tumors of the anterior pituitary. Clinically, they may present with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, or visual loss. Proper diagnosis requires appropriate neuroendocrine evaluation. Although transsphenoidal surgery remains the first-line treatment, adjuvant medical therapy is frequently required for these often invasive tumors. Radiotherapy or radiosurgery should be considered for those patients with persistent TSH hypersecretion following surgery and medical therapy. The clinical evaluation and treatment algorithm for patients with TSH adenomas is discussed.