BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026
Ten-year trends in cardiovascular risk factors among patients hospitalised with acute myocardial infarction in Estonia: a retrospective nationwide observational study.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Al-Dawoudi Abdulrahman, Dalain Mujahed, Varlamov Daniil, Alhallak Shaghaf, Nanna Michele
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular risk-factor profiles among patients hospitalised with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can inform surveillance of a high-risk clinical cohort, but do not directly represent risk-factor prevalence in the general population.
METHODS: We analysed aggregate annual Estonian AMI registry data for hospitalised AMI patients during 2015-2024. AMI04 risk-factor trends were assessed using ordinary least squares regression, with sensitivity analyses for known status, age-sex standardisation to the pooled hospitalised AMI cohort, COVID-period exclusion, AMI case mix, and national hospitalised AMI burden.
RESULTS: Documented smoking increased from 25.5% in 2015 to 28.1% in 2024 (β = 0.302% points/year; 95% CI 0.014 to 0.590; p = 0.042). The smoking trend remained significant in known-status analyses and after age-sex standardisation, although the crude observed trend became borderline after excluding 2020-2021. Documented dyslipidaemia increased descriptively, but full-period crude and age-sex-standardised trends were borderline, and unknown dyslipidaemia status decreased over time. Annual AMI attacks and national hospitalised AMI burden declined, with concurrent changes in sex and age composition.
CONCLUSION: Among hospitalised AMI patients in Estonia, documented smoking increased during 2015-2024 and remained consistent in known-status and age-sex-standardised sensitivity analyses. Dyslipidaemia trends require cautious interpretation because unknown status changed over time. These aggregate registry findings describe a selected hospitalised AMI cohort and should not be interpreted as direct evidence of national prevention-policy success or failure.
METHODS: We analysed aggregate annual Estonian AMI registry data for hospitalised AMI patients during 2015-2024. AMI04 risk-factor trends were assessed using ordinary least squares regression, with sensitivity analyses for known status, age-sex standardisation to the pooled hospitalised AMI cohort, COVID-period exclusion, AMI case mix, and national hospitalised AMI burden.
RESULTS: Documented smoking increased from 25.5% in 2015 to 28.1% in 2024 (β = 0.302% points/year; 95% CI 0.014 to 0.590; p = 0.042). The smoking trend remained significant in known-status analyses and after age-sex standardisation, although the crude observed trend became borderline after excluding 2020-2021. Documented dyslipidaemia increased descriptively, but full-period crude and age-sex-standardised trends were borderline, and unknown dyslipidaemia status decreased over time. Annual AMI attacks and national hospitalised AMI burden declined, with concurrent changes in sex and age composition.
CONCLUSION: Among hospitalised AMI patients in Estonia, documented smoking increased during 2015-2024 and remained consistent in known-status and age-sex-standardised sensitivity analyses. Dyslipidaemia trends require cautious interpretation because unknown status changed over time. These aggregate registry findings describe a selected hospitalised AMI cohort and should not be interpreted as direct evidence of national prevention-policy success or failure.