Isolated tricuspid valve regurgitation: old concepts, new insights and innovation.

: Tricuspid valve regurgitation is usually progressive and associated with reduced long-term survival. International guidelines recommend surgery in cases of isolated severe regurgitation associated with symptoms or progressive worsening of right ventricular function. In addition, several percutaneous strategies have been reported with promising results in the last decade. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current state of the art in the management of isolated functional or degenerative tricuspid valve insufficiency, from the preoperative assessment to the results of both surgical and transcatheter approaches and explore future directions.