[Progress in clarification of the pathogenesis of primary arterial hypertension].

The results of the studies performed during the last years have supplied several new elements to the knowledge about pathogenesis of primary arterial hypertension. The monogenic forms of arterial hypertension and syndromes associated with low blood pressure were characterized. The negative regulators of sodium transport in the kidneys, with potential importance for the clarification of mechanism causing sodium sensitivity of blood pressure, were discovered. It was demonstrated that patients with primary hypertension had inherited lower number of nephrons in the kidneys, demonstrating compensatory hypertrophy when compared with normotensive persons. There is more and more proofs that in many cases the basis of arterial hypertension, contemporary diagnosed as primary hypertension, is genetically determined impairment of kidney function or inherited disturbances of kidney structure.