The Hobart typhoid epidemic of 1887-88.

Typhoid fever records for Hobart during the nineteenth century are examined and the summer of 1887/88 identified as the second year of a 5-year epidemic cycle. Three factors are used to explain the change from endemic to epidemic typhoid in the 1880s. Firstly, there was a sequence of hot, dry summers that affected water quality and the amount of water available for the cleansing of the street gutters. Secondly, there were changes to the system of disposal of excrement from cesspits to poorly organized pail and single-pan schemes which led to the causal disposal of sewage in the street gutters. Thirdly, the population increase of the 1880s followed 25 years of stagnation and led to overcrowding in existing, often deteriorated, buildings and the placement of new dwellings on small internal allotments.