The association between cortisol-AA coordination in response to stress, negative urgency, and antisocial behavior in an urban adult sample.

Prior study has found that the interplay of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) influences behavior problems in youth. Yet, little is known regarding this relationship in adults and traits related to the coordination of the stress systems. This study aims to extend the findings of a youth sample that the coordination between HPA and ANS, measured as cortisol and alpha-amylase (AA) respectively, was associated with antisocial behavior in adults. Additionally, this study tests whether cortisol-AA coordination was associated with a conceptually relevant trait, negative urgency. A heterogeneous sample of 124 adults (college students, active offenders, and demographically matched controls) was recruited from a southern city. Participants filled out instruments for negative urgency and antisocial behavior, completed a modified Trier Social Stress Test (mTSST), and provided four saliva samples before and after mTSST to assay for cortisol and AA. Results showed that cortisol-AA stress coordination was stronger among offenders than other groups. Cortisol-AA stress coordination was also positively associated with antisocial behavior and with negative urgency. This study found support for the interpretation that cortisol-AA stress coordination may indicate an overshooting ANS response at high emotional distress, and highlight the importance of the multisystem approach in gaining new insights into behavior research.