Frontiers in microbiology · 2025
Novel silver nanoparticle-based biomaterials for combating Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms.
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Elashkar Eslam, Alfaraj Rihaf, El-Borady Ola M, Amer Mahmoud M, Algammal Abdelazeem M, El-Demerdash Azza S
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant nosocomial pathogen that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, often forming biofilms that enhance its virulence. This study investigated the efficacy of a novel nanoformulation, AgNPs@chitosan-NaF, in combating K. pneumoniae biofilms.
METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to assess the antibiotic resistance profile of K. pneumoniae isolates. The antibiofilm activity of AgNPs@chitosan-NaF was evaluated using crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. The underlying mechanisms of action were investigated through gene expression analysis.
RESULTS: The majority of K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited high levels of multidrug resistance. AgNPs@chitosan-NaF demonstrated superior biofilm inhibition compared to AgNPs@chitosan, significantly reducing biofilm biomass and disrupting biofilm architecture at MICs ranging from 0.125 to 1 μg/mL. Mechanistic studies revealed that the nanoformulation downregulated the expression of key biofilm-associated genes, including treC, fimA, mrkA, and ecpA. While AgNPs@chitosan-NaF exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on both normal and cancer cell lines, minimal cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations below 31.25 μg/mL.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles, chitosan, and sodium fluoride in combating K. pneumoniae biofilms. The nanoformulation, AgNPs@chitosan-NaF, emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy to address the challenge of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to assess the antibiotic resistance profile of K. pneumoniae isolates. The antibiofilm activity of AgNPs@chitosan-NaF was evaluated using crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. The underlying mechanisms of action were investigated through gene expression analysis.
RESULTS: The majority of K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited high levels of multidrug resistance. AgNPs@chitosan-NaF demonstrated superior biofilm inhibition compared to AgNPs@chitosan, significantly reducing biofilm biomass and disrupting biofilm architecture at MICs ranging from 0.125 to 1 μg/mL. Mechanistic studies revealed that the nanoformulation downregulated the expression of key biofilm-associated genes, including treC, fimA, mrkA, and ecpA. While AgNPs@chitosan-NaF exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on both normal and cancer cell lines, minimal cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations below 31.25 μg/mL.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles, chitosan, and sodium fluoride in combating K. pneumoniae biofilms. The nanoformulation, AgNPs@chitosan-NaF, emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy to address the challenge of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.