Journal of affective disorders · 2025
Longitudinal association between perceived economic stress and adolescents' depression in rural China: the mediating roles of hope trajectories.
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Wang Lei, Zhao Jingxin
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Family economic hardship is a risk factor for adolescents' depression. However, research on this topic is limited in its focus on objective economic conditions, and less is known about whether and how perceived economic stress is associated with adolescents' depression. This study explored the longitudinal relationship between perceived economic stress and depression and examined the extent to which heterogeneous developmental trajectories of hope explained the aforementioned relation in Chinese rural adolescents.
METHODS: A total of 2823 Chinese rural adolescents (56.0 % boys; Mage (T1) = 13.48 ± 0.50 years) participated in five assessments conducted at approximately six-month intervals over three years. Perceived economic stress was assessed at Time 1, hope was measured from Time 1 to Time 4, and depression was evaluated at Time 1 and Time 5.
RESULTS: The trajectories of hope were divided into three subgroups: "high-stable" (33.2 %), "moderate-decreasing" (41.9 %), and "low-decreasing" (24.9 %). Perceived economic stress was longitudinally and positively associated with depression, and this association was mediated by heterogeneous developmental trajectories of hope. Specifically, the mediation effect of low-decreasing and moderate-decreasing groups between perceived economic stress and depression was stronger than that of high-stable group, and there was no significant difference in the mediation effect between low-decreasing and moderate-decreasing groups.
LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the nonrandomized sampling, the self-reporting method, and the relatively short observation period.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the long-term detrimental impact of perceived economic stress on depression among Chinese rural adolescents and underscore the importance of fostering hope in adolescents' intervention programs.
METHODS: A total of 2823 Chinese rural adolescents (56.0 % boys; Mage (T1) = 13.48 ± 0.50 years) participated in five assessments conducted at approximately six-month intervals over three years. Perceived economic stress was assessed at Time 1, hope was measured from Time 1 to Time 4, and depression was evaluated at Time 1 and Time 5.
RESULTS: The trajectories of hope were divided into three subgroups: "high-stable" (33.2 %), "moderate-decreasing" (41.9 %), and "low-decreasing" (24.9 %). Perceived economic stress was longitudinally and positively associated with depression, and this association was mediated by heterogeneous developmental trajectories of hope. Specifically, the mediation effect of low-decreasing and moderate-decreasing groups between perceived economic stress and depression was stronger than that of high-stable group, and there was no significant difference in the mediation effect between low-decreasing and moderate-decreasing groups.
LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the nonrandomized sampling, the self-reporting method, and the relatively short observation period.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the long-term detrimental impact of perceived economic stress on depression among Chinese rural adolescents and underscore the importance of fostering hope in adolescents' intervention programs.