Otorhinolaryngological procedures in the fifteenth century in Anatolia.

The author of one of the earliest surgical books was Serefettin Sabuncuoğlu (AD 1385 to 1468?). He is the author of Cerrahiyyetül-Haniyye (Imperial Surgery), which was written in 1465. This book contains miniatures of surgical procedures, and there were many important and major new contributions to the surgical literature originally described by Sabuncuoğlu himself. He described surgical management of nasal polyposis, nasal fracture, facial palsy, mandibular fracture and dislocation, hoarseness and constriction of the breath, tumors of the tonsil and uvula, laryngeal tumors, and goiter. The aim of this report is to describe his contributions to otorhinolaryngology.