Operative techniques of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is, for the most part, both safe and effective as a surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea and severe snoring. Most complications can be avoided with proper surgical technique. Palatal dysfunction can be avoided if the shortening of the soft palate in the midline (uvula) area is minimized. Nasopharyngeal stenosis can be avoided with minimization of the posterior pillar resection and by avoidance of pharyngeal undermining. The effectiveness of surgery can be improved by placing emphasis 1) on opening the nasopharynx widely in the lateral port areas and 2) on tissue removal deep in the inferior tonsillar poles (and hypopharynx) with mucosal advancement and suturing.