[Diagnostic challenges related to the use of anabolic-androgenic substances].

We describe the case of a 39-year-old man who was admitted due to suicidal behaviour and substance abuse. During the course of the admission, several psychiatric diagnoses were considered. It later became evident that the patient had been using anabolic-androgenic substances (AAS) heavily and over a prolonged period until shortly before admission. Based on the available literature, we discuss the epidemiology, patterns of use, mechanisms of action and psychological implications of AAS. Furthermore, we highlight how AAS use can complicate the differential diagnosis. To date, there is no consensus on the required abstinence period before conducting psychodiagnostic assessment. Based on current evidence, we outline several guiding considerations that may assist clinicians in the psychodiagnostic evaluation and treatment of patients with known AAS misuse.