Cureus · 2026
The Role of Antibody Testing and Vaccination in Paediatric Recurrent Acute Otitis Media.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Awad Karim, Jeffry Farah, Molluru Bhaskar, Jones Huw, Heward Elliot
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) is a common condition most frequently affecting children under two years of age. The main causative agent is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal vaccination has been shown to be an effective method of RAOM prophylaxis. Currently, pneumococcal antibody testing can be performed to assess immunity levels, followed by booster vaccination if protection is suboptimal. We aimed to explore the role of antibody testing and vaccination in the context of managing paediatric RAOM.
METHOD: A retrospective study was performed between January and December 2023. A total of 1,004 paediatric referrals (age: ≤ 16 years) to our trust were reviewed. Patients with RAOM who underwent pneumococcal antibody testing were identified. Suboptimal antibody levels were defined as ≥ 6 low serotypes out of 13. This study took place at Royal Preston Hospital, United Kingdom.
RESULTS: Our cohort includes 169 children with RAOM, of which 42 underwent pneumococcal antibody testing with available results. Of these patients, 19 (45.2%) had suboptimal pneumococcal antibody levels; 13 (68.4%) patients received a booster vaccine. A reduction in RAOM episodes was reported in 92.3% (12/13) of vaccinated children at follow-up (≥ 3 months), with improvement in symptoms, including otalgia, fever, and hearing loss. Adequate Haemophilus influenzae antibody levels were found in every tested child with RAOM (n=43).
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that approximately half of children with RAOM have suboptimal pneumococcal antibody levels, which can be successfully addressed with booster vaccination. Re-testing pneumococcal antibody levels after booster vaccination and performing H. influenzae antibody levels are not required. Further work is required to identify if booster vaccinations reduce the frequency or severity of RAOM presentations.
METHOD: A retrospective study was performed between January and December 2023. A total of 1,004 paediatric referrals (age: ≤ 16 years) to our trust were reviewed. Patients with RAOM who underwent pneumococcal antibody testing were identified. Suboptimal antibody levels were defined as ≥ 6 low serotypes out of 13. This study took place at Royal Preston Hospital, United Kingdom.
RESULTS: Our cohort includes 169 children with RAOM, of which 42 underwent pneumococcal antibody testing with available results. Of these patients, 19 (45.2%) had suboptimal pneumococcal antibody levels; 13 (68.4%) patients received a booster vaccine. A reduction in RAOM episodes was reported in 92.3% (12/13) of vaccinated children at follow-up (≥ 3 months), with improvement in symptoms, including otalgia, fever, and hearing loss. Adequate Haemophilus influenzae antibody levels were found in every tested child with RAOM (n=43).
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that approximately half of children with RAOM have suboptimal pneumococcal antibody levels, which can be successfully addressed with booster vaccination. Re-testing pneumococcal antibody levels after booster vaccination and performing H. influenzae antibody levels are not required. Further work is required to identify if booster vaccinations reduce the frequency or severity of RAOM presentations.