International journal of women's health · 2026
Burden and Trends of Six Gynecological Diseases Among Chinese Women Aged 15-49 Years, 1990-2021: Evidence from GBD 2021.
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Yang Miao, Zhang Biyan
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: This study examines the burden of six gynecological system diseases (uterine fibroids, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer) in Chinese women aged 15-49 years from 1990 to 2021.
METHODS: This research used data on the incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of six gynecological diseases from the GBD 2021 study. The Joinpoint Regression Program 5.2.0 was employed to analyze age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), DALY rates, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).
RESULTS: In China, uterine fibroids had the highest ASIR (271.82/100,000), while cervical cancer had the highest age-standardized DALY rate (117.11/100,000). Between 1990 and 2021, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) exhibited the fastest ASIR growth (EAPC=1.62) and DALY rate (EAPC=2.09), while cervical cancer incidence also rose (EAPC=1.24). The burden showed distinct age-specific patterns: Uterine fibroids had the fastest growth in age-standardized DALY rate (EAPC=1.46). PCOS was concentrated in the 15-19 age group and showed the fastest growth (ASIR 317.17/100,000, EAPC=1.96). Ovarian cancer showed the largest increases in low‑middle SDI regions (ASIR EAPC=1.69; age-standardized DALY rate EAPC=1.29).
CONCLUSION: The burden of six gynecological diseases among Chinese women of reproductive age varies significantly by age and time. Cervical cancer causes the most severe health loss. Polycystic ovarian syndrome demonstrates a prominent burden among younger women with a clear upward trend. Notably, China faces accelerated growth in both polycystic ovary syndrome and uterine fibroids, while ovarian cancer showed the largest increases in low-middle SDI regions. Finding provide essential evidence to guide age-tailored prevention, early detection, and resource allocation strategies in China and other countries undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.
METHODS: This research used data on the incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of six gynecological diseases from the GBD 2021 study. The Joinpoint Regression Program 5.2.0 was employed to analyze age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), DALY rates, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).
RESULTS: In China, uterine fibroids had the highest ASIR (271.82/100,000), while cervical cancer had the highest age-standardized DALY rate (117.11/100,000). Between 1990 and 2021, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) exhibited the fastest ASIR growth (EAPC=1.62) and DALY rate (EAPC=2.09), while cervical cancer incidence also rose (EAPC=1.24). The burden showed distinct age-specific patterns: Uterine fibroids had the fastest growth in age-standardized DALY rate (EAPC=1.46). PCOS was concentrated in the 15-19 age group and showed the fastest growth (ASIR 317.17/100,000, EAPC=1.96). Ovarian cancer showed the largest increases in low‑middle SDI regions (ASIR EAPC=1.69; age-standardized DALY rate EAPC=1.29).
CONCLUSION: The burden of six gynecological diseases among Chinese women of reproductive age varies significantly by age and time. Cervical cancer causes the most severe health loss. Polycystic ovarian syndrome demonstrates a prominent burden among younger women with a clear upward trend. Notably, China faces accelerated growth in both polycystic ovary syndrome and uterine fibroids, while ovarian cancer showed the largest increases in low-middle SDI regions. Finding provide essential evidence to guide age-tailored prevention, early detection, and resource allocation strategies in China and other countries undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.