Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2025
The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant epidemic and acute myocardial infarction: A self-controlled case series study.
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Suzuki Jun, Mizuno Tomoki, Takahashi Shota, Imai Haruka, Itagaki Hideya, Akaba Tomohiro, Yoshida Makiko, Endo Shiro
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to various complications, including cardiovascular events. Despite the widespread impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant in 2022, no studies have evaluated the relationship between the Omicron variant epidemic and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
METHODS: We utilized a Japanese claims database to identify patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022. We also identified patients who developed AMI within 90 days before and after their COVID-19 diagnosis. A self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis evaluated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for AMI.
RESULTS: Of the 360,589 patients with COVID-19, 759 were diagnosed with AMI. Excluding the day of exposure, the SCCS analysis showed an IRR for AMI of 6.65 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.66-9.48, P < 0.001) for the 1st week, 1.90 (95 % CI: 1.05-3.50, P = 0.03) for the 2 nd week, and 0.95 (95 % CI: 0.52-1.72, P = 0.87) for the 3rd and 4th weeks following COVID-19. Including the day of exposure, the IRR was 77.4 (95 % CI: 63.2-94.9, P < 0.001) for the 1st week, 1.90 (95 % CI: 1.05-3.50, P = 0.03) for the 2 nd week, and 0.95 (95 % CI: 0.52-1.72, P = 0.87) for the 3rd and 4th weeks following COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant epidemic increased AMI incidence. These findings highlight AMI as a COVID-19 characteristic, emphasize the importance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and underline the need for continued vigilance, even with variant changes.
METHODS: We utilized a Japanese claims database to identify patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022. We also identified patients who developed AMI within 90 days before and after their COVID-19 diagnosis. A self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis evaluated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for AMI.
RESULTS: Of the 360,589 patients with COVID-19, 759 were diagnosed with AMI. Excluding the day of exposure, the SCCS analysis showed an IRR for AMI of 6.65 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.66-9.48, P < 0.001) for the 1st week, 1.90 (95 % CI: 1.05-3.50, P = 0.03) for the 2 nd week, and 0.95 (95 % CI: 0.52-1.72, P = 0.87) for the 3rd and 4th weeks following COVID-19. Including the day of exposure, the IRR was 77.4 (95 % CI: 63.2-94.9, P < 0.001) for the 1st week, 1.90 (95 % CI: 1.05-3.50, P = 0.03) for the 2 nd week, and 0.95 (95 % CI: 0.52-1.72, P = 0.87) for the 3rd and 4th weeks following COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant epidemic increased AMI incidence. These findings highlight AMI as a COVID-19 characteristic, emphasize the importance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and underline the need for continued vigilance, even with variant changes.