[Chronic rhinitis in dogs and cats - an overview of etiology, diagnostics and therapy].

Chronic rhinitis is one of the most common diseases of the upper respiratory tract in dogs and cats. A multifactorial etiology is likely in most patients. In cats in particular, it is assumed that chronic rhinitis is a consequence of a previous viral infection. Affected animals may show unilateral or bilateral serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge or epistaxis. The diagnosis is based on histopathological examination of nasal mucosal biopsies once other causes of chronic nasal problems such as neoplasia, fungal infections, dental disease, parasites, polyps, or foreign bodies have been ruled out. In some cases, chronic rhinitis may be aggravated secondarily by concomitant bacterial infections. In order to improve mucociliary clearance, nasal lavage, inhalation therapy, and mucolytic medications represent the fundament of long-term treatment. In addition, some patients respond to anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The administration of antibiotics is currently being discussed controversially, and does not lead to complete resolution of the clinical signs.