Electrical responses of gastric smooth muscles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Electrical responses of gastric smooth muscles produced by transmural nerve stimulation, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, or K-free solution were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, using intracellular microelectrode techniques. In muscles from diabetic rats, 1) the resting membrane potential remained unchanged, 2) slow waves disappeared or were markedly reduced in amplitude, 3) the excitatory junction potential was absent, and in most cases only an inhibitory junction potential of reduced amplitude was elicited, 4) the amplitude of the hyperpolarization generated after superfusion with K-free solution was reduced, 5) the sensitivity of the acetylcholine-induced membrane depolarization was increased, and 6) the norepinephrine-induced hyperpolarization was reduced because of functional loss of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. Thus diabetes mellitus caused functional impairment of neuromuscular transmission, reduced the maximum activity of the electrogenic pump, increased the sensitivity of muscarinic receptors, reduced the sensitivity of adrenoceptors, and reduced the myogenic activity in gastric smooth muscles. These alterations in the properties of smooth muscle may be involved in the diabetes-induced gastroparesis.