Annals of African medicine · 2026
Sociodemographic Determinants of Perception about the Screening of the Adults for Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study.
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Eljack Ibrahim Awad, Alhalafi Abdullah Hassan, Elhassan Kamal Eldin Hussein, Nandi Partha, Alosaimi Basil Eid H, Alshehri Emad Abdullah S, Alasmari Ali Mohammed A, Almarhabi Abdullah Mohammed M
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing public health challenge in Saudi Arabia, with early screening being critical for timely intervention. Despite national initiatives, community-based evidence on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward diabetes screening in Bisha province remains scarce.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the KAP regarding type 2 diabetes screening among adults in Bisha province and to explore the influence of sociodemographic characteristics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2023 to December 2023 among 374 adults aged ≥40 years without a prior diagnosis of diabetes. Data were collected using a structured bilingual (English-Arabic) questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge of risk factors and symptoms, and attitudes toward screening. Descriptive analysis and proportions were calculated based on exact frequencies from participant responses.
RESULTS: Overall, 82.1% of respondents had heard about diabetes type 2 screening. Knowledge was variable: 41.7% recognized age ≥40 years as a risk factor, while 59.9% identified family history, 81.0% obesity, and 64.7% lack of exercise. Only 32.4% associated pregnancy with increased risk of T2DM. Regarding awareness of symptoms, it was highest for frequent urination (87.4%), followed by excessive thirst (65.0%), while fewer recognized weight loss (43.6%) and excessive hunger (38.5%). Attitude analysis showed that 63.4% agreed family members of diabetics should be screened, 64.4% endorsed early screening for better disease control, and 61.8% supported universal screening at age 40. A large majority strongly agreed to personal screening if risk factors were present (207 agree, 167 strongly agree) or if overweight/obese (199 agree, 175 strongly agree). Regarding practice-related items, 223 participants agreed and 151 strongly agreed that they would advise others to undergo screening, and over 90% supported screening in high-risk situations such as pregnancy or chronic disease.
CONCLUSION: The findings reveal high general awareness and favorable attitudes toward diabetes screening among adults in Bisha, although knowledge gaps persist regarding specific risk factors and less obvious symptoms. Targeted education to address these gaps, coupled with reinforcement of screening practices, could enhance community-level prevention strategies in Saudi Arabia.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the KAP regarding type 2 diabetes screening among adults in Bisha province and to explore the influence of sociodemographic characteristics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2023 to December 2023 among 374 adults aged ≥40 years without a prior diagnosis of diabetes. Data were collected using a structured bilingual (English-Arabic) questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge of risk factors and symptoms, and attitudes toward screening. Descriptive analysis and proportions were calculated based on exact frequencies from participant responses.
RESULTS: Overall, 82.1% of respondents had heard about diabetes type 2 screening. Knowledge was variable: 41.7% recognized age ≥40 years as a risk factor, while 59.9% identified family history, 81.0% obesity, and 64.7% lack of exercise. Only 32.4% associated pregnancy with increased risk of T2DM. Regarding awareness of symptoms, it was highest for frequent urination (87.4%), followed by excessive thirst (65.0%), while fewer recognized weight loss (43.6%) and excessive hunger (38.5%). Attitude analysis showed that 63.4% agreed family members of diabetics should be screened, 64.4% endorsed early screening for better disease control, and 61.8% supported universal screening at age 40. A large majority strongly agreed to personal screening if risk factors were present (207 agree, 167 strongly agree) or if overweight/obese (199 agree, 175 strongly agree). Regarding practice-related items, 223 participants agreed and 151 strongly agreed that they would advise others to undergo screening, and over 90% supported screening in high-risk situations such as pregnancy or chronic disease.
CONCLUSION: The findings reveal high general awareness and favorable attitudes toward diabetes screening among adults in Bisha, although knowledge gaps persist regarding specific risk factors and less obvious symptoms. Targeted education to address these gaps, coupled with reinforcement of screening practices, could enhance community-level prevention strategies in Saudi Arabia.