Genetic modulation of the senescent phenotype of Homo sapiens.

The biology of aging is reviewed from the perspective of a medical geneticist. This was the perspective of the late Sam Goldstein, and this article is, therefore, dedicated to his memory. Aging can be defined as the set of phenotypes that escape the force of natural selection. These phenotypes can be modulated by mutation or polymorphism at numerous genetic loci. Given the remarkable genetic and environmental heterogeneity that characterizes our species, it is understandable that there should be considerable variation in patterns of aging. A genetic approach involving the mapping and positional cloning of major loci could provide basic understanding of the mechanisms underlying such variability. Prototypic examples being investigated by the author and his colleagues are the Werner syndrome and dementias of the Alzheimer type. The biochemical genetic analysis of these and other disorders could lead to a new style of medicine based upon preventive approaches tailored to the needs of individuals. Such interventions should ideally involve pediatricians.