Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025
The on-going quest for a long-acting oral form of levodopa.
СтатьяОбзорНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Teil Margaux, Al-Kassmy Jawad, Alsalmi Mohammed, Al-Rawahi Badriya, Huot Philippe
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Levodopa is the gold standard symptomatic treatment for Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, its oral formulations lead to fluctuating plasma concentrations with delayed absorption in the stomach and low distribution in the brain due to its metabolism.
AREAS COVERED: In this article, we first discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa, exposing the problematics of the current levodopa formulations. We then discuss the more recent oral formulations designed to relieve these setbacks, including the development of controlled- and extended-release formulations. Finally, we expose the different alternative routes of administration that can be used, specifically in the case of patients with advanced PD.
EXPERT OPINION: With the progression of PD from early to advanced stages, levodopa doses must often be increased with concentrations that remain unstable, leading to sub-optimal symptomatic control and motor complications. Remedying this requires a shift in treatments from the classic oral formulations to more long-acting oral formulations or the use of different administration routes. Among these new administration routes, inhaled levodopa and continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa stand out as the most studied and less invasive options. However, with adverse effects associated with each solution, it is important to find approaches that are adapted to each patient.
AREAS COVERED: In this article, we first discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa, exposing the problematics of the current levodopa formulations. We then discuss the more recent oral formulations designed to relieve these setbacks, including the development of controlled- and extended-release formulations. Finally, we expose the different alternative routes of administration that can be used, specifically in the case of patients with advanced PD.
EXPERT OPINION: With the progression of PD from early to advanced stages, levodopa doses must often be increased with concentrations that remain unstable, leading to sub-optimal symptomatic control and motor complications. Remedying this requires a shift in treatments from the classic oral formulations to more long-acting oral formulations or the use of different administration routes. Among these new administration routes, inhaled levodopa and continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa stand out as the most studied and less invasive options. However, with adverse effects associated with each solution, it is important to find approaches that are adapted to each patient.