Anti-neoangiogenic nanodelivery systems: advances in tumor-based and ophthalmic disease research.

Abnormal neovascularization plays a critical role in the progression of various diseases, with tumor and ophthalmic neovascularization sharing many core mechanisms. As a result, use of anti-angiogenic drugs has become one of the key therapeutic strategies for such diseases. However, these drugs face significant limitations, such as toxic side effects, limited bioavailability, and the tendency to develop drug resistance. In recent years, with a deeper understanding of angiogenic mechanisms, nanodrug delivery systems have demonstrated significant advantages in anti-angiogenic therapy, particularly in terms of precise delivery, sustained drug release, and tissue targeting. This review summarizes recent advances in the applications of anti-angiogenic nanodrug delivery systems in the treatment of tumors and ophthalmic diseases, including their mechanisms of action. It focuses on delivery strategies of nanocarriers and highlights research progress in functionalized and combination therapy-based nanodrug delivery systems for anti-angiogenesis. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of such systems are discussed.