How I do it: endoscopic endonasal approach to the orbital apex.

BACKGROUND

The endoscopic endonasal approach provides an option to approach the medial and inferior orbital apex, with less manipulation of intraorbital structures.

METHOD: We described the advantages, complications, caveats, and indications of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the orbital apex. An intraorbital extraconal cavernous malformation is shown as example.

CONCLUSION

The endoscopic endonasal approach is a good corridor to the medial and inferior orbital apex, providing good exposure and little manipulation of the intraorbital contents.