Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2025
Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala alleviates spleen-deficiency constipation in rats by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
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Yang Peng, Qin Ling-Ling, Yu Meng, Zou Zhong-Mei
Аннотация
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, called Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizome (AMR), is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for alleviating constipation induced by spleen-deficiency. However, the specific mechanism responsible for promoting defecation and gastrointestinal transit by AMR remains unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To reveal the spleen-invigorating and laxative effects of AMR in spleen-deficiency constipated rats, as well as to explore the underlying mechanism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rat model of spleen-deficiency constipation was established through the induced diarrhea, along with irregular exercise and a low-fiber diet pattern. The effects of AMR were then evaluated based on spleen-deficiency and constipation phenotypes. Additionally, an integrated approach combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing with untargeted/targeted metabolomics using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was employed to elucidate the potential mechanism of AMR in treating spleen-deficiency constipation.
RESULTS: The results indicated that AMR, at the dose of 4.32 g crude drug/kg, significantly improved the general characteristics, digestion-absorption function, colonic pathological morphology and levels of neurotransmitters in spleen-deficiency constipated rats. AMR also effectively ameliorated the disturbance in gut microbiota induced by spleen-deficiency constipation, particularly that microbiota associated with constipated phenotypes and bile acid metabolism, including Firmicutes, Bacteroides, norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae and norank_f__Muribaculaceae. Additionally, plasma and fecal metabolomics revealed that the development of spleen-deficiency constipation was primarily due to perturbed bile acid biosynthesis and metabolism, with AMR prominently ameliorating the abnormal levels of 17 bile acids. Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed that AMR regulated the abnormal expression of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), a receptor involved in bile acid metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide important insights into the mechanism underlying spleen-deficiency constipation, suggesting that AMR may be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of constipation induced by spleen-deficiency.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To reveal the spleen-invigorating and laxative effects of AMR in spleen-deficiency constipated rats, as well as to explore the underlying mechanism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rat model of spleen-deficiency constipation was established through the induced diarrhea, along with irregular exercise and a low-fiber diet pattern. The effects of AMR were then evaluated based on spleen-deficiency and constipation phenotypes. Additionally, an integrated approach combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing with untargeted/targeted metabolomics using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was employed to elucidate the potential mechanism of AMR in treating spleen-deficiency constipation.
RESULTS: The results indicated that AMR, at the dose of 4.32 g crude drug/kg, significantly improved the general characteristics, digestion-absorption function, colonic pathological morphology and levels of neurotransmitters in spleen-deficiency constipated rats. AMR also effectively ameliorated the disturbance in gut microbiota induced by spleen-deficiency constipation, particularly that microbiota associated with constipated phenotypes and bile acid metabolism, including Firmicutes, Bacteroides, norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae and norank_f__Muribaculaceae. Additionally, plasma and fecal metabolomics revealed that the development of spleen-deficiency constipation was primarily due to perturbed bile acid biosynthesis and metabolism, with AMR prominently ameliorating the abnormal levels of 17 bile acids. Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed that AMR regulated the abnormal expression of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), a receptor involved in bile acid metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide important insights into the mechanism underlying spleen-deficiency constipation, suggesting that AMR may be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of constipation induced by spleen-deficiency.