Journal of nursing management · 2026
Bridging the Gap: The Roles of Legacy Leadership and Psychological Safety in Nurse Interns' Readiness for Practice.
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Hamouda Ghada, Felemban Ebaa, Banakhar Maram, Yaseen Mai, Alshawush Khadijah, Alharbi Abdulhafith, Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly
Аннотация
AIM: To examine the relationship between legacy leadership and nurse interns' readiness for clinical practice and to test the moderating role of psychological safety.
BACKGROUND: The transition from nursing education to clinical practice is a critical period marked by gaps in readiness, limited self-regulation, and increased patient safety risks. Leadership within clinical settings remains a key modifiable factor shaping this transition. Legacy leadership, grounded in mentorship, ethical modeling, long-term professional development, and psychological safety have been proposed as facilitators of intern readiness. Their combined role remains underexplored in Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional predictive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 178 nurse interns was recruited from four Saudi universities. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including the Legacy Leadership Scale, Nursing Practice Readiness Scale, and Psychological Safety Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, an independent samples t-test, and hierarchical regression. All instruments demonstrated strong internal consistency.
RESULTS: Most participants (82.5%) reported high perceptions of legacy leadership (M = 107.34, SD = 15.76; 85.9%). Readiness for practice was high (M = 117.80, SD = 18.06; 84.1%); self-regulation was the lowest domain (82.9%). Psychological safety was moderate-to-high (M = 37.55, SD = 9.47; 76.6%). Legacy leadership showed a significant association with readiness for practice (β = 0.757, R2 = 0.573, p < 0.001). Psychological safety did not significantly moderate this relationship.
CONCLUSION: Legacy leadership showed the strongest association with readiness for practice and accounted for the largest proportion of explained variance within the regression model. Psychological safety did not function as a moderator. Its role within the leadership readiness relationship may warrant further investigation using alternative explanatory models.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing managers should institutionalize structured mentorship development, ethical role modeling, and collaborative empowerment as core legacy leadership competencies within clinical internship frameworks to improve readiness outcomes.
BACKGROUND: The transition from nursing education to clinical practice is a critical period marked by gaps in readiness, limited self-regulation, and increased patient safety risks. Leadership within clinical settings remains a key modifiable factor shaping this transition. Legacy leadership, grounded in mentorship, ethical modeling, long-term professional development, and psychological safety have been proposed as facilitators of intern readiness. Their combined role remains underexplored in Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional predictive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 178 nurse interns was recruited from four Saudi universities. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including the Legacy Leadership Scale, Nursing Practice Readiness Scale, and Psychological Safety Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, an independent samples t-test, and hierarchical regression. All instruments demonstrated strong internal consistency.
RESULTS: Most participants (82.5%) reported high perceptions of legacy leadership (M = 107.34, SD = 15.76; 85.9%). Readiness for practice was high (M = 117.80, SD = 18.06; 84.1%); self-regulation was the lowest domain (82.9%). Psychological safety was moderate-to-high (M = 37.55, SD = 9.47; 76.6%). Legacy leadership showed a significant association with readiness for practice (β = 0.757, R2 = 0.573, p < 0.001). Psychological safety did not significantly moderate this relationship.
CONCLUSION: Legacy leadership showed the strongest association with readiness for practice and accounted for the largest proportion of explained variance within the regression model. Psychological safety did not function as a moderator. Its role within the leadership readiness relationship may warrant further investigation using alternative explanatory models.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing managers should institutionalize structured mentorship development, ethical role modeling, and collaborative empowerment as core legacy leadership competencies within clinical internship frameworks to improve readiness outcomes.