Integrated DNA methylation analysis of peripheral blood from asbestos exposed populations and patients with malignant mesothelioma reveals novel methylation driver genes of diagnostic and prognostic relevance.

Effective biomarkers are paramount importance for the early detection and prognosis prediction of malignant mesothelioma (MM) which mainly caused by asbestos exposure, and DNA methylation has been demonstrated to be a potentially powerful diagnostic tool. To elucidate the relationship between asbestos exposure and alterations in DNA methylation patterns, as well as the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of differentially methylated regions and CpG sites (DMRs/DMCs) in the progression of MM. The current study employed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) to examine the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the peripheral blood of individuals exposed to asbestos and those diagnosed with MM, in comparison to the controls, and DMRs/DMCs were subsequently validated by targeted bisulfite sequencing (TBS). Our results suggested that there were 12 DMRs/DMCs exhibiting a consistent change trend of DNA methylation in both RRBS and TBS results. Significant correlations were observed between DNA methylation levels of DMRs/DMCs and the duration of occupational asbestos exposure. The evaluation of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve suggested that the DNA methylation status of FHIT, CCR12P and CDH15 may serve as diagnosis indicator in distinguishing MM patients from healthy controls and those exposed to asbestos. Our findings offer a foundation for the role of DNA methylation in the development of MM induced by asbestos exposure. The potential significance of FHIT, CCR12P and CDH15 DNA methylation alterations in the pathogenesis and advancement of MM disease suggests their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.