Cureus · 2025
Assessment of Stromal Calretinin Expression in Normal and Pathological Endometrium of Patients With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
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Mohd Taj, Jaiswal Pooja, Singh Priyanka, Khan Nausheen S, Singh Lovely, Mustaqueem Syed F
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a prevalent gynecological issue, often arising from structural or functional endometrial abnormalities. Calretinin, a calcium-binding protein, has demonstrated diagnostic relevance in various tissues; however, its role in endometrial stroma remains insufficiently explored. This study was conducted to evaluate calretinin expression in normal and pathological endometrial tissues associated with AUB.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on 60 endometrial samples (normal and AUB-associated lesions) over two years from June 2023 to March 2025. Histopathological evaluation was followed by immunohistochemistry for stromal calretinin using a semi-quantitative score (0-5+). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA), including analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post hoc test, and Pearson's correlation.
RESULTS: Normal endometrium (notably secretory and proliferative phases) exhibited higher stromal calretinin expression (mean scores: 3.0 and 2.0, respectively), while lesions such as adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, and carcinoma demonstrated markedly reduced or absent expression. A statistically significant difference in calretinin scores was found across different histopathological categories (p=0.0002). A moderate negative correlation (r=-0.43) was observed between calretinin expression and pathological endometrial states.
CONCLUSION: Stromal calretinin expression was substantially reduced in AUB-related endometrial lesions compared to normal endometrium. These findings suggest its potential utility as a supplementary biomarker for distinguishing between physiological and pathological endometrial conditions. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate its diagnostic and prognostic significance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on 60 endometrial samples (normal and AUB-associated lesions) over two years from June 2023 to March 2025. Histopathological evaluation was followed by immunohistochemistry for stromal calretinin using a semi-quantitative score (0-5+). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA), including analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post hoc test, and Pearson's correlation.
RESULTS: Normal endometrium (notably secretory and proliferative phases) exhibited higher stromal calretinin expression (mean scores: 3.0 and 2.0, respectively), while lesions such as adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, and carcinoma demonstrated markedly reduced or absent expression. A statistically significant difference in calretinin scores was found across different histopathological categories (p=0.0002). A moderate negative correlation (r=-0.43) was observed between calretinin expression and pathological endometrial states.
CONCLUSION: Stromal calretinin expression was substantially reduced in AUB-related endometrial lesions compared to normal endometrium. These findings suggest its potential utility as a supplementary biomarker for distinguishing between physiological and pathological endometrial conditions. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate its diagnostic and prognostic significance.