Towards an understanding of help-seeking behaviour for disordered eating: Refinement of a barriers to help-seeking measure.

AIM: Early intervention in eating disorders (EDs) is hampered by a lack of validated measures of barriers to treatment seeking. The present study examined the factor structure of the Perceived Barriers to Psychological Treatment scale (PBPT) and a combination of PBPT and Barriers to Seeking Help for ED items (BATSH-ED) with respect to treatment-seeking for an ED.

METHOD: Participants were 456 female university students aged 17-25 reporting a wide range of disordered eating severity. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with the whole sample followed by correlational and regression analyses with a high-risk sample to assess validity of the selected questionnaire items.

RESULTS

Four models were tested. First, we replicated the original PBPT 8-factor structure in our sample with comparable fit indices. Second, the addition of six ED items comprising a Denial and Ambivalence subscale improved model fit. Third and fourth, when only significant subscales predicting treatment seeking were retained, with removal of items with weak loadings, a 15-item six-factor solution provided a best fit. A range of psychosocial measures had relationships in the expected directions with the questionnaire subscales. In addition to disordered eating, the denial subscale was uniquely associated with treatment seeking.

CONCLUSIONS

While the present study contributes to refining the assessment of barriers to help-seeking, future studies should consider co-design with lived experience to further improve the model fit of the questionnaire and improve predictiveness of help-seeking.