Long-term Survivors of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A Genomic Predictive Model.

CONTEXT: Longer-term survival is possible for some patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). However, genomic factors associated with improved survival are poorly characterized.

OBJECTIVE

To develop a mathematical model to predict mutation-based survival risk in ATC.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study of 204 ATC samples from the cBioPortal database, divided into 80% training and 20% validation cohorts. Multivariate analysis identified prognostic genes, used to construct a point-based risk model. KEGG pathway enrichment and BRAF subanalyses were performed.

SETTING

Multi-institutional, international genomic database.

PATIENTS OR OTHER

PARTICIPANTS

Samples were included if sequencing and survival data were available (n = 204).

INTERVENTION(S): Not applicable.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The prespecified primary outcome was overall survival.

RESULTS

Fourteen genes were associated with increased risk: TET1, MAPK12, ATP10A, PIK3CA, MUC4, PNPLA2, PLD4, EGLN2, BSN, FLNC, RADIL, ZMYND8, FRAS1, RECQL4. More aggressive (n = 37) and less aggressive cohorts (n = 128) were determined using the maximally selected rank statistic, yielding a point threshold of 0.27. The predictive performance of the risk model demonstrated a C-index of 0.74. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, 1-year survival differed for more aggressive patients (0%) compared to less aggressive patients (32%). For the validation cohort, survival remained significantly different between risk cohorts and on BRAF subanalysis. Each risk cohort subsequently underwent KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, which showed significantly increased enrichment across several pathways for more aggressive tumors.

CONCLUSION

This model identifies mutated genes that are associated with the most aggressive ATCs and thus may aid in preoperative risk assessment when evaluating patients for surgery for curative intent.