Development of Potent 3-Br-isoxazoline-Based Antimalarial and Antileishmanial Compounds.

Starting from the structure of previously reported 3-Br-isoxazoline-based covalent inhibitors of P. falciparum glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and with the intent to improve their metabolic stability and antimalarial activity, we designed and synthesized a series of simplified analogues that are characterized by the insertion of the oxadiazole ring as a bioisosteric replacement for the metabolically labile ester/amide function. We then further replaced the oxadiazole ring with a series of five-membered heterocycles and finally combined the most promising structural features. All the new derivatives were tested in vitro for antimalarial as well as antileishmanial activity. We identified two very promising new lead compounds, endowed with submicromolar antileishmanial activity and nanomolar antiplasmodial activity, respectively, and a very high selectivity index with respect to mammalian cells.